Pytest

规范

python的第三方单元测试库，
可以自动识别模块和测试函数
支持非常丰富的断言 assert 语句

使用要求

1. 测试文件名必须以test_ 开头或以_test结尾
2. 测试类必须以Test开头
3. 测试的函数名必须以test_开头
4. 测试类不能使用init方法

使用断言

# test_use_assert.py
import pytest


def add(a, b):
    return a + b


def test_equal():
    assert 5 == add(1, 5)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['test_use_assert.py'])

使用参数化

import pytest


def add(a, b):
    return a + b
# 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize(['x', 'y'], [(1,2), (1,4), (0,5)])
def test_add_1(x, y):
    assert 5 == add(x, y)

# 2
t1 = [(3,1), (1,4), (3,2),(2,2)]
@pytest.mark.parametrize(['x', 'y'], t1)
def test_add_2(x,y):
    assert 5 == add(x, y)

# https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30649859/article/details/101725672?ydreferer=aHR0cHM6Ly9jbi5iaW5nLmNvbS8%3D
# 方式三:参数为列表中嵌套字典
datas_dict = [
    {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3},
    {"a": 11, "b": 22, "c": 33},
    {"a": 111, "b": 222, "c": 333},
]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("data", datas_dict)
def test_add03(data):
    res = data["a"] + data["b"]
    assert res == data["c"]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['test_parameter.py'])

执行顺序

import pytest

# 依次为 2->1->3->4
def test_02():
    print(2)


def test_01():
    print(1)


class TestCls:

    def test_04(self):
        print(4)

    def test_03(self):
        print(3)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['test_execution_order.py'])

@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
def test_01():
    print(1)

1. @pytest.mark.run(order=1)， 在函数1前加装饰器，可以让函数提前触发

前置 && 后置

import pytest


def setup_module():
    print('前置模块')

def teardown_module():
    print('后置模块')

def setup_function():
    print('前置函数')

def teardown_function():
    print('后置函数')

def test_01():
    assert  1 == 1

def test_02():
    assert  2 == 2

if __name__ == '__main__':

    pytest.main(['pytest_beforeAndafter.py'])

1. setup_module,teardown_module，模块级别的前后置，只执行一次
2. setup_function,teardown_function，函数级别的前后置，函数执行前后执行

fixture

简单使用

import pytest


@pytest.fixture()
def first_fixture():
    return 1


@pytest.fixture()
def second_fixture(first_fixture):
    return '2' + str(first_fixture)


@pytest.fixture()
def third_fixture():
    return 1, 2, 3


@pytest.fixture()
def fourth_fixture():
    return '4'


def test_case1(first_fixture):
    assert 1 == first_fixture
    assert 2 == first_fixture


def test_case2(second_fixture):
    assert second_fixture == '21'
    assert second_fixture == 21


def test_case3(third_fixture):
    assert (1, 2, 3) == third_fixture


def test_case4(third_fixture, fourth_fixture):
    assert (1, 2, 3) == third_fixture
    assert fourth_fixture == 4


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['test_fixture_use.py'])

1. 理解 (opens new window)

conftest

# conftest.py
import pytest


@pytest.fixture()
def first_fixture():
    print('first fixture')
    return 'first'


@pytest.fixture()
def second_fixture(first_fixture):
    print('second fixture')
    return 'second plus ' + first_fixture

# pytest_fixture_conftest
def test_case1(first_fixture, second_fixture):
    assert first_fixture == 1
    assert second_fixture == 2

1. conftest 可以配置共享的 fixture, 用来添加用户 token

fixture作用域控制 && 自动执行

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44614026/article/details/114241916?ydreferer=aHR0cHM6Ly9jbi5iaW5nLmNvbS8%3D (opens new window)

import pytest


@pytest.fixture(scope='session', autouse=True)
def session_fixture():
    print('session scope')


@pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)
def module_fixture():
    print('module scope')


@pytest.fixture(scope='class', autouse=True)
def class_fixture():
    print('class scope')


@pytest.fixture(scope='function', autouse=True)
def func_fixture():
    print('function scope')


# @pytest.fixture(scope='methods', autouse=True)
# def func_fixture():
#     print('methods scope')


def test_case1():
    print('case1')


def test_case2():
    print('case2')


class Test_cls():

    def test_case3(self):
        print('case 3')

fixture 参数

import pytest

test_data = [{
    'case_name': '登录成功测试',
    'username': 'admin',
    'password': 'lv123'
},{
    'case_name': '登录失败测试',
    'username': 'admin',
    'password': 'lv1234444'
},{
    'case_name': '用户名为空',
    'username': 'admin',
    'password': 'lv1234444'
}]

@pytest.fixture(params=test_data)
def para_data(request):
    # request 是 pytest 内置 fixture, 名称不能更改

    return request.param


def test_case(para_data):
    # print(para_data)
    username = para_data.get('username')
    print(username)
    case_name = para_data.get('case_name')
    print(case_name)
    password = para_data.get('password')
    print(password)

1. @pytest.fixture(params=test_data), 传递参数
2. return request.param, 返回的 request是 pytest 内置 fixture, 名称不能更改
3. username = para_data.get('username'), 取数据, { 'case_name': '用户名为空',...,'password': 'lv1234444'}

skip test

import pytest
# 无条件跳过
@pytest.mark.skip()
def test_case1():
    print('test case1')

a = 1
# 条件满足时跳过
@pytest.mark.skipif(a>0, reason='if a > 0 pass')
def test_case2():
    print('test case22')


b = 1
# 条件不满足时执行
@pytest.mark.skipif(b<0, reason='if a > 0 pass')
def test_case3():
    print('test case3')

allure

import pytest


def add(a,b):
    return a+b

def test_case1():
    assert 1 == add(1,1)


def test_case2():
    assert 2 == add(1,1)


def test_case3():
    assert 3 == add(1,2)


def test_case4():
    assert 4 == add(3, 2)


def test_case5():
    assert 5 == add(3, 2)


def test_case6():
    assert 5 == add(4, 3)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['test_use_allure.py'])

1. pytest test_use_allure.py --alluredir ./res, 生成 allure报告需要的数据
2. allure generate ./res -o ./report_allure --clean, 使用allure 生成报告，allure data_dir -o report_dir，--clean，覆盖之前的生成的报告
3. allure open index.html, 打开 allure 生成的报告
4. 如果有报错，参考 (opens new window)，需要安装插件pip install allure-pytest